JMBSR-Abstract

Biochemical and Histopathological Changes on the Effect of Oral Administration of Methanol Extract of Allium Fistulosum (Leaf and Bulbs) In Liver and Kidney in Thioacetamide-Induced Albino Rats

 

Sule O.J. and Arhoghro M.E
 

 

Full Length Research Paper I Published July, 2016

 

Journal of Medical and Biological Science Research Vol. 2 (7), pp. 118-126

 

ABSTRACT

The effect of methanol extract of the whole plant of Allium fistulosum was assessed for some biochemical and histological effects in albino rats. 25 male albino rats were used comprising of 5 groups and 5 rats per group. Rats in groups 3 and 4 were pretreated and post-treated, respectively, with methanol extract administered orally at 200 mg/kg body weight for 21consecutive days while group 5 was administered 200 mg/kg vitamin C. Rats in groups 2, 3 and 5 were injected 400 mg/kg body weight of thioacetamide on the 21st day while group 4 was induced on 1st day. The Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level increase significantly in untreated rat group 2 (24.16 ± 1.44) compared to normal control group 1 (20.46 ± 1.37). However, there was non-significant decrease in ALT levels of rats pretreated and post-treated with extract of A. fistulosum (19.80 ± 2.09 and 18.93 ± 0.38), respectively, compared to the normal control (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the extract treated groups compared to normal control (group 1). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations decrease significantly, in extract treated groups 3 and 4 (43.58 ± 2.79 and 41.14 ±1.26), respectively, compared to normal control (45.62 ± 2.22) (P<0.05). Urea concentration decrease significantly in extract post-treated group 4 (13.85 ± 0.46) compared to normal control (14.50 ± 0.34). However, the creatinine concentration decrease significantly in extract pretreated rat group 3 (13.50 ± 3.01) compared to the normal control (17.57 ± 0.08). Concentration of total protein also increase significantly, in rat groups 3 and 4 pretreated and post-treated with extract of A. fistulosum (67.2 ± 0.60 and 73.0 ± 0.17) compared to group1(58.8 ± 0.60) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of total bilirubin in the extract treated groups compared to the normal control. However, total bilirubin level decrease significantly in extract treated groups compared to the untreated group. Mean weights of liver of animals in groups 3 and 4 (5.6±2.10 and 5.85±1.28) increase significantly, compared to normal control group 1 (4.68±1.63). There was no significant difference in the mean weights of kidney in group 3 and 4 (1.15±0.13 and 1.04±0.33), respectively, compared to the normal control group1 (1.09±0.7). The result hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) revealed that administration of A. fistulosum caused no noticeable defects in the histopathology of liver and kidney in extract treated groups compared to the controls.

Key words:
Allium fistulosum, Creatinine, Total bilirubin and Thioacetamide.

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